In his pamphlet King Leopold’s Soliloquy, Mark Twain, assuming the voice of Leopold II of Belgium, bemoans the fact that the photograph serves as incontrovertible evidence of the atrocities that were committed in the Congo Free State, his personal colony: “the incorruptible kodak … The only witness I have encountered in my long experience that I couldn’t bribe” (Twain 1905, p 40). Continue reading “Indexical relationship as truth claim”
